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Test 7

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Additional Information

Bio

Date of birth:

Sex:

Height (cm):

Weight (kg):

Training volume:

Training experience:

Chronic diseases:

Goals:

Stats

VO2max (mL/kg/min):

46.70

Maximum oxygen uptake per kg body mass

AeT HR (bpm):

116.4

Heart rate at aerobic threshold (avg VT1+BP1 & DFAa1 0.75)

AnT HR (bpm):

181.4

Heart rate at anaerobic threshold (avg VT2+BP2 & DFAa1 0.50)

LAmax (mmol/L):

FATmax (g/min):

Maximum rate of fat oxidation

CHOmax (g/min):

Maximum rate of carbohydrate oxidation

HRmax (bpm):

189

Maximum heart rate measured at test

TVmax (L):

2.50

Maximum tidal volume

VT1 (bpm):

21.0

Heart rate at first ventilatory threshold

VT2 (bpm):

42.1

Heart rate at second ventilatory threshold

FeO₂ (%):

17.10

Fraction of expired oxygen

HRmax VO2max (bpm):

189

Maximum heart rate measured at VO2max

PowerMax VO2max (W):

203

Maximum power measured at VO2max

VT1 Power (W):

Power at first ventilatory threshold

VT2 Power (W):

169

Power at second ventilatory threshold

DFA a1 0.75 Power (W):

Power at HRV nonlinear index at 0.75

DFA a1 0.50 Power (W):

Power at HRV nonlinear index at 0.50

BP1 SmO2 (%):

Muscle-O2 breakpoint 1 (slope inflection)

BP2 SmO2 (%):

Muscle-O2 breakpoint 2 (slope inflection)

BP2 SmO2 Power (W):

Power at muscle-O2 breakpoint 2 (slope inflection)

EqO2:

0.00

VE/VO2

VEmax (L/min):

0.00

Maximum minute ventilation

RFmax (rpm):

0.00

Highest respiratory frequency

Overrides

Override VT1 (min):

Override VT2 (min):

Prompts

You are a sports physiologist for athletes. Based on the test results, HR parameters and the athlete's goals, you will need to prepare a detailed Vo2max report. Take the VO2max and determine which group the athlete belongs to based on age and gender. If you notice low VO2max values that may be limiting the athlete's performance, be sure to point them out. Then, based on the athlete's goals, give detailed recommendations on how to improve VO2max as well as other key metrics. Write an example of an overall training plan to improve VO2max for this athlete.

Age: 35 years Height: 180 cm Weight: 80 kg Sex: male Training volume: 3 per week Training experience: None Chronic diseases: None Health goals: None Test type: None Maximum oxygen uptake per kg body mass (VO2max): 46.70 mL/kg/min Maximum heart rate measured at test (HRmax): 189.00 bpm

Summary

Summary Report is not available.

Training Zones

VO2max Analysis

No VO2max Analysis available.

VO2max Value

Parameter	Max value	Unit
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)	47	mL/kg/min
Maximal heart rate	189	bpm
Maximal power	203	W

Respiratory Analysis

No Respiratory Analysis available.

Respiratory Values

Parameter	Value at VO₂max	Unit
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)	47	mL/kg/min
Fraction of expired oxygen (FeO₂)	17	%
Tidal volume (Tv)	2.5	L

Threshold	HR [bpm]	Power [W]
Ventilatory threshold I	116	87
Ventilatory threshold II	181	169

Muscle Oxygenation and DFA a1 analysis

Data not available.

No DFA a1 Analysis available.

Calculation methods and references

Muscle Oxygen Saturation Breakpoints (SmO₂)

SmO₂-NIRS is an optical sensor that measures oxygen saturation in working muscle and records the moments when blood stops covering the needs of muscle mitochondria (BreakPoint 1 and 2).

SmO₂-breakpoints (1) – the first and second NIRS breakpoints slightly underestimate the corresponding ventilation thresholds (-5 ± 9 W in the cycling test).

Heart Rate (bpm) and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis alpha 1 (DFA a1)

DFA α1 analysis HRV is an algorithm that monitors how the "randomness" of heart rate (RR intervals) changes with increasing workload. A special chest strap with RR interval recording and HRVlogger is used to measure DFA a1:

α1 = 0.75 (2) – aerobic threshold (VT1/LT1): coincides with LT1 in most studies and is only 1–3 beats·min⁻¹ (or 2–5 W) below VT1.
α1 = 0.50 (3) – anaerobic threshold (VT2/LT2): lies close to LT2 and is typically 3–6 beats·min⁻¹ / ≈5% VO₂max below VT2.

For training control, DFA a1 0.75/0.50 and SmO₂-breakpoints give almost the same zones as LT1/LT2 and VT1/VT2, with minimal error.

References

Feldmann A, Ammann L, Gächter F, Zibung M, Erlacher D. Muscle Oxygen Saturation Breakpoints Reflect Ventilatory Thresholds in Both Cycling and Running. J Hum Kinet. 2022 Sep 8;83:87–97. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0054. PMID: 36157967; PMCID: PMC9465744.
Sempere-Ruiz N, Sarabia JM, Baladzhaeva S, Moya-Ramón M. Reliability and validity of a non-linear index of heart rate variability to determine intensity thresholds. Front Physiol. 2024 Feb 5;15:1329360. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1329360. PMID: 38375458; PMCID: PMC10875128.
Sheoran S, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Simpson C, Ashby M, Webber E, Weaving D. Exercise intensity measurement using fractal analysis of heart rate variability: Reliability, agreement and influence of sex and cardiorespiratory fitness. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2024;42(21):2012–2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2024.2421691

Thresholds

No Thresholds Analysis available.

Thresholds Values

Threshold	HR [bpm]	Power [W]	Comment
Aerobic threshold (FeO₂)	116	87
Anaerobic threshold (Ve)	181	169

Calculation methods and references

Ventilatory Thresholds (VT1 & VT2)

Ventilatory thresholds are determined from breath-by-breath gas-exchange during an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).

VT1 (FeO₂) (1) – first ventilatory threshold: the workload at which expired O₂ fraction (FeO₂) and VE/VO₂ start to rise systematically while VE/VCO₂ and end-tidal CO₂ remain stable, indicating the transition from purely aerobic to mixed aerobic–anaerobic metabolism.
VT2 (Ve) (1) – second ventilatory threshold (respiratory compensation point): the workload at which minute ventilation (VE) shows a clear second, non-linear increase relative to workload or VCO₂ because of respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis.
VT2_DVE (2) – VE-curve method: derived from the VE–time (or VE–workload) curve alone and defined as the workload where VE leaves its previous near-linear trend and enters the main "bend" of the curve—the onset of the sharp upswing in VE, rather than the exact mathematical intersection of the two surrounding slopes.
VT2_CO₂ (3) – CO₂-based method: the workload where end-tidal CO₂ (PETCO₂) reaches a peak and then falls while VE/VCO₂ begins to rise, indicating the onset of respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis.

References

Wasserman K, Whipp BJ, Koyal SN, Beaver WL. Anaerobic threshold and respiratory gas exchange during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1973;35(2):236–243.
Neder JA, Stein R. A simplified strategy for the estimation of the exercise ventilatory thresholds. Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise. 2006;38(5):1007–1013.
Mezzani A. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Basics of Methodology and Measurements. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2017;14(Supplement_1):S3–S11.

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Supported: 'VO2MasterUnit-Data...', 'HR...', 'HeartRate...', 'CyclingPower...', 'DFA...', 'TrainRed...', 'Pnoe_...', 'CPET_...', 'DataAverage...'.

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Change test

Test 7

Bio

Stats

Overrides

Prompts

Summary

Training Zones

VO2max Analysis

VO2max Value

Respiratory Analysis

Respiratory Values

Muscle Oxygenation and DFA a1 analysis

Muscle Oxygen Saturation Breakpoints (SmO₂)

Heart Rate (bpm) and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis alpha 1 (DFA a1)

References

Thresholds

Thresholds Values

Ventilatory Thresholds (VT1 & VT2)

References

FilesSupported: 'VO2MasterUnit-Data...', 'HR...', 'HeartRate...', 'CyclingPower...', 'DFA...', 'TrainRed...', 'Pnoe_...', 'CPET_...', 'DataAverage...'.

Files
Supported: 'VO2MasterUnit-Data...', 'HR...', 'HeartRate...', 'CyclingPower...', 'DFA...', 'TrainRed...', 'Pnoe_...', 'CPET_...', 'DataAverage...'.